(1) Forbes (2025), “GIIN’s Amit Bouri On Impact Investors And ‘The Moment We’re In” (https://www.forbes.com/sites/annefield/2025/02/28/giins-amit-bouri-on-impact-investors-and-the-moment-were-in/)
(2) Infographic sources: AfDB (2024), “African Economic Outlook 2024” (https://www.afdb.org/en/knowledge/publications/african-economic-outlook); UN ECA (2024), Blog: https://www.uneca.org/stories/%28blog%29-as-africa%E2%80%99s-population-crosses-1.5-billion%2C-the-demographic-window-is-opening-getting); Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2022), “Africa’s critical minerals Africa at the heart of a low-carbon future” (https://mo.ibrahim.foundation/sites/default/files/2022-11/minerals-resource-governance.pdf); Bezeng et al. (2025) “An African perspective to biodiversity conservation in the twenty-first century” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. (http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2023.0443).
(3) UNDP (2025) “Human Development Report 2025. A matter of choice People and possibilities in the age of AI” (https://report.hdr.undp.org/human-development-gaps).
(4) GIIN (2025), ”What you need to know about impact investing” (https://thegiin.org/publication/post/about-impact-investing/#what-is-impact-investing).
(5) GIIN (2024), ”Sizing the Impact Investing Market 2024”(https://thegiin.org/publication/research/sizing-the-impact-investing-market-2024/#:~:text=The%20GIIN%20estimates%20that%20over,impact%20investing%20market%20since%202019)
(6) See Stanford Graduate School of Business/Gelfand, A. (2025), “Young Investors’ Support for ESG Dropped Dramatically in 2024” (https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/young-investors-support-esg-dropped-dramatically-2024).
(7) Anchored by the Green Deal, EU Taxonomy, Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) and Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD).See ETF Stream/Gordon, J. (2025), “BlackRock removes ‘ESG’ from 56 ETFs and funds housing $51bn” (https://www.etfstream.com/articles/blackrock-removes-esg-from-56-etfs-and-funds-housing-usd51bn).
(8) See ETF Stream/Gordon, J. (2025), “BlackRock removes ‘ESG’ from 56 ETFs and funds housing $51bn” (https://www.etfstream.com/articles/blackrock-removes-esg-from-56-etfs-and-funds-housing-usd51bn).
(9) Bloomberg UK (2025), “Trump Plans Record $1.01 Trillion National Security Budget” (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-05-02/trump-to-propose-record-1-01-trillion-national-security-budget).
(10) House of Commons Library (2025), “UK to reduce aid to 0.3% of gross national income from 2027” (https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/uk-to-reduce-aid-to-0-3-of-gross-national-income-from-2027/).
(11) World Bank (2024), “The World Bank Africa Human Capital Plan. Powering Africa’s Potential Through Its People” (https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/910151554987573474-0010022019/original/HCPAfricaScreeninEnglish.pdf).
(12) GDI Hub/Nasir et al. (n.d.) “Investing in Disability Inclusion: An Opportunity for Employers and Investors” (https://www.disabilityinnovation.com/blog/investing-in-inclusion?).
(13) S&P Global/Perez-Goropze et al. (2024), “Emerging Markets: A Decisive Decade” (https://www.spglobal.com/en/research-insights/special-reports/look-forward/emerging-markets-a-decisive-decade).
(14) Bundesinitiative Impact Investing (2023), “Why Impact Investing in December 2023 Frontier & Emerging Markets?” (https://bundesinitiative-impact-investing.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/231213_BIII_DP_FEM_web.pdf).
(15) UNDP, Human Development Report 2013 (https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2013).
(16) Januriyadi, N.F., Kazama, S., Moe, I.R. and Kure, S. (2018) Evaluation of Future Flood Risk in Asian Megacities: A Case Study of Jakarta. Hydrological Research Letters, 12, 14-22. (https://doi.org/10.3178/hrl.12.14).
(17) Taguchi, et al. (2022). Global-Scale Assessment of Economic Losses Caused by Flood-Related Business Interruption. Water, 14, 967. (https://doi.org/10.3390/w14060967).
(18) E.g. Ranger et al. (2025), “Towards UK Systemic Resilience to International Cascading Climate Risks: The Role of Infrastructure and Supply Chains”, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford. (https://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2025-05/UK_Systemic_Resilience_Report_2025%5BWeb%5D.pdf).
(19) .g., The Guardian/Carrington, D. (2025). “Climate crisis on track to destroy capitalism, warns top insurer” (https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/03/climate-crisis-on-track-to-destroy-capitalism-warns-allianz-insurer).